Ishan Perera

Abstract

Current literature demonstrates the highest prevalence of prostate cancer among black men in the United States. According to the American Cancer Society, in American men, prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death following lung cancer, most commonly metastasizing to the bones and lymph nodes. Data indicates that black patients are disproportionately affected by prostate cancer, suffering from higher rates of aggressive and metastatic disease and higher mortality rates. Risk factors for prostate cancer, although some still debated, include diet, exercise, cigarette smoking and obesity. These potential risk factors within this population may be attributed to, but not limited to, minority populations disproportionately affected by food deserts, food swamps, and unemployment. Furthermore, research has demonstrated black patients are more likely to experience delayed treatment, underutilization of treatments, poor interactions with physicians and longer referral times when compared to other racial and ethnic groups. Beyond psychosocial factors, biologic factors such as genetics, have a potential role for utility in screening and treatments. The goal of this study is to review the 2020 Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) results and review literature to improve the current understanding of prostate cancer risk factors.

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